(Kedrion, Castelvecchio Pascoli, Italy) and Prothromplex TIM 3 (Baxter, Vienna, Austria) 5. Two PCC are currently available in Italy: Uman Complex D.I. PCC are lyophilised, requiring reconstitution in a small volume and can be administered rapidly (e.g. Importantly, the long half-life of FII (prothrombin) needs to be taken into account when considering the potential accumulation of prothrombin after multiple dosing. FVII has the shortest half-life (approximately 6 h) 4. The half-life of FII is much longer (60–72 h) than that of the other factors (6–24 h). The half-lives of the four clotting factors differ widely. All PCC undergo at least one step of viral reduction or elimination (solvent detergent treatment, nanofiltration, etc.). The PCC are standardised according to their factor IX content. PCC may also contain the natural coagulation inhibitors protein C and protein S. To prevent activation of these factors, most PCC contain heparin. Different processing techniques involving ion exchangers enable the production of either three-factor (i.e., factors II, IX and X) or four-factor (i.e., factors II, VII, IX and X) concentrates with a final overall clotting factor concentration approximately 25 times higher than in normal plasma 3. PCC are produced by ion-exchange chromatography from the cryoprecipitate supernatant of large plasma pools after removal of antithrombin and factor XI 2.
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